(1) Calvin B. Harley, et al. (2005).
Compositions
and Methods for Increasing Telomerase Activity
(See also sources A',
A''.
Geron patent ap.)
[Papers,
Links].
(2) Calvin B. Harley, Hong Kong U. Patent, (2005).
Formulations
Containing Astragalus Extracts and the Uses Thereof, European Patent Office.
(3) Calvin, B. Harley, et. al,
Geron Patent List, (2005).
Compositions
and Methods for Skin Conditioning including small molecule telomerase activators such as astragaloside IV,
cycloastragenol, astragenol, and astragaloside IV 16-one in glycerin, ect.
(4) White, Michael, A.,
(Board of Regents, The University of Texas System), 1999. (WO/2000/008135)
Methods
and Compositions for Inhibiting or Stimulating Telomerase Assembly.
(5) Tsutomu Akama, Ryan Holcomb, Richard L. Tolman, 2000.
Geron Patent, Telomerase
Inhibitors and Methods of Their Use, Patent number: 6452014, Dec.22, 2000.
(6) Allison Chin, et.al, (Geron Corp.) 2000.
Telomerase
Inhibitors and Methods of Their Use, June 2000.
2OR,25S-epoxy-3β,16β,25-trihydroxy-9β-methyl-19-norlanost-1,5-diene
(telomerase activator)
[81s/6b].
Acyl group [Wikipedia,
Images,
Books].
Acyloxy group
[Images,
Links,
Books,
Papers;
Links/lower acyloxy group,
Images].
Adrenocortical Cells
[Images,
Books,
Amazon].
Aging Adult Keratinocytes
[Images,
Books,
Amazon].
Aging Neonatal Keratinocytes
[Images,
Books].
Alkane group
[Wikipedia].
Alkoxy group
[Wikipedia,
Images,
Links,
Books;
Images/lower alkoxy group,
Books].
Alkyl group derived from an
alkane by removing 1 hydrogen atom.
[Wikipedia,
Encyclopedia,
Links,
Books].
___An alkyl group is a fully saturated monovalent radical containing carbon and hydrogen
that may be branched or linear.
___"Lower alkyl groups" have one to six carbon atoms.
Astragalus Membranaceus
[Images,
Links,
Patents,
Books,
Papers]. MeOH extract:
___8 kilograms of root tissue yielded 200 grams of extract, which after column chromatography separation in MeOH
yielded a total of 8.6 grams of astragalosides for 107.5 mg astragalosides/100 gram of root tissue
[(1),p22]:
___acetylastrogaloside I (0.2g)
[Links,
Papers].
___astragaloside I (3.5g)
[Links,
Images,
Books]
___isoastragaloside I (0.3g)
[Links,
Images,
Books].
___astragaloside II (2.3g)
[Links,
Images,
Books]
___astragaloside III (1.0g)
[Links,
Images,
Books]
___astragaloside IV (0.8g)
[Links,
Images,
Books]
___astragaloside V (0.1g)
[Links,
Images,
Books]
___astragaloside VI (0.3g)
[Links,
Images,
Books].
___astragaloside VII (0.1g)
[Links,
Images,
Books]
___Most commercially available astragalus extracts are ethanolic extracts, however.
[Papers;
Links/astragalus extracts,
Papers].
One paper claiming good yield for ethanolic extraction obtained
total flavones of 600 mg/100 g Radix astragali
and 28 mg of astragalosides/100 g Radix astragali.
Astragalus Verrucosus
[Images,
Links,
Books,
Papers,
Patents].
Astragaloside IV
(telomerase activator)
[81s,
81s/6b,
Links,
Books].
Astragaloside IV 16-one
(telomerase activator)
[81s,
81s/6b,
Links,
Books].
Astragalosides A, I, II, and VII
(telomerase activators)
A (IV),
1 (I),
2 (II),
and 7 (VII).
Astragenol
(telomerase activator)
[81s, 81s/6b,
Links,
Books].
Astraverrucins I and II
[Links,
Papers,
Books,
Amazon].
Bone Marrow Stem Cells
[Images,
Books,
Amazon].
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
[Links,
Images,
Books,
Amazon].
CD4+ Cells
[Images,
Wikipedia/CD4,
Links].
CD8+ Cells
[Links,
Images,
Books,
Amazon].
Cycloartanes
[Images,
Links,
Books,
Papers].
Cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides
[Links,
Images,
Books,
Papers,
Links/cycloartane].
Cycloastragenol
(telomerase activator,
possibly TA-65)
[Links,
Books,
81s/6b].
Cycloastragenol 6-β-D-glucopyranoside
(telomerase activator)
[Books,
81s/6b].
Cycloastragenol 3-β-D-xylopyranoside
(telomerase activator)
[81s/6b].
Cyclopropyl ring [Images,
Links,
Books;
Wikipedia/Cyclopropane;
Links/fused cyclopropyl ring,
Books].
The darkened inverted V-shaped structure including carbon atom # 9 is a cyclopropyl ring.
(See 9 of 72,p8).
____Clockwise from the pointed tip of the dark inverted V, we have carbon atoms 19, 9, and 10.
(See 17 of 72, p16).
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
(CD8+ cells)
[Images,
Books/Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes,
Wikipedia].
Emulsifier (for topical formulation)
[Wikipedia/Emulsion,
Images,
Links,
Books,
Amazon].
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
(a telomerase activator for keratinocytes)
[Links,
Images,
Books,
Amazon].
Ethyl Group
(one of the alkyl groups)
[Images,
Links].
Explant Cells
[Links,
Images].
Fibroblasts
[Wikipedia,
Images,
Links,
Books,
Amazon].
Ginsenoside Rb1
[Images,
Links,
Books,
Images,
Papers].
Ginsenoside Rg1
[Images,
Links,
Books,
Papers].
Ginsenoside Rh1
(telomerase activator, also activates estrogen receptor)
[Images,
Papers,
Links,
Books,
Manufacturers,
81s/6b].
Glucopyranosides
[Images,
Links,
Books].
Glycosides
[Wikipedia,
Images,
Books,
Papers].
___Glycosides include riboside,
arabinoside,
xyloside,
lyxoside,
altroside,
glucoside,
___mannoside,
guloside,
idoside,
galactoside, and
taloside types.
GRN137227 a control
oligonucleotide
[Links,
Papers].
GRN163
(a telomerase inhibitor)
[Links,
Images,
Books,
Amazon].
___GRN163 targets the template region of the telomerase RNA component.
Hydroxy (-OH group)
[Wikipedia].
Hydroxyl group (OH- or -OH group)
[Wikipedia].
Islet Precursor Cells
[Books,
Images]
Isopropyl group (an alkyl group)
[Images,
Books].
Keratinocytes
[Images,
Wikipedia,
Links,
Books,
Amazon].
Ketone group
[Wikipedia,
Links,
Images,
Books].
Mesenchymal (Stem) Cells
[Wikipedia,
Links,
Books,
Amazon/mesenchymal stem cells].
Methyl group (-CH3, an alkyl group)
[Wikipedia].
Muscle Satellite Cells
[Images,
Books,
Amazon].
N-butyl group (an alkyl group)
[Wikipedia,
Links,
Images].
Neonatal Keratinocytes
[Images,
Books,
Amazon].
Neurosphere Cells, a type of stem cell.
[Images,
Books,
Amazon].
N-heptyl group (an alkyl group)
[Books,
Links].
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature
[Wikipedia,
Links,
Books].
Osteoblasts
[Wikipedia,
Images,
Books,
Links].
Panaxatriol
[Links,
Images,
Books].
Parenteral Administration
[Definition] - as an injection.
Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
[Wikipedia,
Links,
Books,
Papers].
___See Links/Platelet
Derived Growth Factor and telomerase activation,
Papers,
Books,
Images.
___Note PDGF activates c-myc, an hTERT activator
[NK Banskota, et al., 1989].
Pyranose Ring a 6-member ring
[images,
Books],
such as a glucopyranoside
[Images,
Books] or a
mannopyranoside [Images,
Books].
In this case we have glycosides in pyranose form.
Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells
[Wikipedia,
Links,
Images,
Books,
Amazon].
Saponins
[Images,
Wikipedia,
Links,
Books,
Papers].
Scratch Assay
[Links,
Books,
Amazon].
Skin Emollients (for topical application)
[Links,
Books,
Amazon].
Stromal Cells
[Wikipedia,
Links,
Books,
Amazon/stromal cells].
T-butyl group (an alkyl group)
[Images,
Links].
Telomeric Crisis Stage
[Books].
Telomerase Chaparonins
(Michael A. White, (4) Methods and Compositions...)
____These mediate telomerase assembly and include:
____hsp40 [Links,
Books,
Papers].
____hsp70 [Wikipedia,
Links,
Papers,
Books].
____hsp90 [Wikipedia,
Links,
Books,
Papers].
____p23 [Books,
Papers]
\
____HOP [Links/HOP and hTERT,
Papers].
Thickeners (for topical application)
[Links;
Books/topical thickeners].
TRAP Assay
[Amazon,
Books,
Links,
Papers,
Images].
Triterpenoidal Saponins
[Images,
Links,
Books,
Papers].
Triterpensaponins
[Images,
Links,
Books,
Papers].
Wound Healing
[Links,
Wikipedia,
Books,
Images,
Amazon].
___Astragaloside IV and Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), both accelerate wound healing,
___and can both be blocked by the telomerase inhibitor GRN163. See (1), Figure 7.
100% (w/v) - Corresponding to 1 gram per ml. For instance, 0.1% (w/v) = 1 mg/ml.
Xylopyranosides
[Images,
Links,
Books].
|
Your corrections and remarks are welcome. Please write
to JimGreenHimself@gmail.com. Disclaimer:
These are student study notes for research on life extension,
not the prescription of a medical doctor. These customer investigations of
various anti-aging medicines and foods and associated disciplines are not
to be interpreted as a medical doctor's prescription or product
endorsement. Be sure to check a PDR
(Physician's Desktop Reference) regarding dosage, contraindications,
and side effects. See also Wal-Mart's checker for Drugs
and Drug Interactions and Google Books Pharmaceutical
References. It is best to use quality pharmaceuticals from reputable manufacturers according to the instructions of the manufacturer, and to avoid using mere chemicals that may be under investigation for pharmaceutical applications. Many of the tips and clues in this document could benefit
from further testing and research.
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