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Index to Anti-Aging Medicine V-Z || Home || ARC | ImmInst | SWL | Groups:LifeExtension |
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Anti-Aging Medicine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 || Labs | Foots | Refs | Sup Notes 1 | 2 | 3a | 3b | 4 | 5 | Vendors | Biblio | Change Log | Mortality Charts | Age Transformation Life Extension Magazine | IAAS | A4M | QC | Ray | Barron || Mechanisms of Aging | IN | SENS | MEME | METHUS || Springer | WSU A-B | C-D | E-H | I-L | M-O | P-R | S-U | V-Z || A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |[ Wikipedia | Wikigenes | iHOP | SA Biosciences ]| Geron A, A', A'', B | TA Sciences | Sierra Sciences | Maximum Telomere Support | RevGenetics | Terraternal Search: Journals || Wα | Calc | Scirus | BioInfoBank | National Library of Medicine | NIH | Elsevier EMBASE | Ingenta Connect | MedLine | Science Direct Google |[ Google Patents | Patent Lens ][ Google Books | LibCong | Amazon | Powells ][ Google Scholar | Wikipedia ][ MedLib | LibWeb] | Merriam-Webster |
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Vendors Longevity Supplement Vendors. Venipuncture [Links/Phlebotomy, Wikipedia/Venipuncture, Links/Venipuncture, Images, Video, Books/Venipuncture, LibCong, Amazon]. Vilon [Links/vilon, Papers] is a peptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu) that is geroprotective and inhibiting to apoptosis that is sometimes studied together with the geroprotective telomerase activator epithalon peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly). Lys-Glu is also sometimes found under "vilone" [Links/vilone, Papers]. Vinpocetine [Wikipedia/Vinpocetine, Smart Drugs/Vinpocetine, Links, Images, Video, Books, LibCong, Amazon, LifeExtension, IAAS/Vinpocetin], nootropic, neuroprotective, derived from periwinkle flower (Vinca minor). Vinpocetine improves vasodilation, brain circulation, cognition and memory, and mental alertness. Speeds the processing of short-term memory when combined with ginkgo biloba. Prevents release of toxic glutamate and free radicals in the brain. See Google links on Vinpocetine, Ray Sahelian on Vinpocetine. Dosages of 30 to 60 mg/day have been shown to be beneficial. Should not be used with blood thinners like warfarin. Vitamin B1 [Links/Vitamin B1, Images, Video, LibCong, Wikipedia, AnyVitamins/Vitamin B1 (thiamine or benfotiamine), chemical description] prevents glucose from reacting with protein, and is available in fat-soluble and water-soluble forms as benfotiamine [Books/Benfotiamine, LifeExtension, Links, Images, Video] and thiamine [Books, Links, Images, Video, LifeExtension] works against glucose toxicity in the formation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) (5). The lipid-soluble form of vitamin B1, benfotiamine, is also effective at preventing AGEs (Advanced Glycation End products) [Papers] and improves nerve conduction velocity in aging specimens [Links, Papers]. Vitamin B3, NAD, and NADH [Smart Drugs/Vitamin B3, NAD, and NADH, Wikipedia/Niacin, Links/Vitamin B3, Images, Video, Books, LibCong/vitamin B3, LifeExtension]. Vitamin B3 is niacin, which is involved in DNA repair [Papers] and in the production of steroid hormones [Papers] in the adrenal gland. Vitamin B6 [Links, Images, Video, Wikipedia, Books, LibCong, Amazon, LifeExtension] (pyridoxine [Links]), including vitamin B6 vitamers [Links] pryridoxine (B6), pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (produced from vitamin B6 pyridoxine in the intestines and called the metabolically actived form PLP) are valuable for inhibiting glycation of lipids, proteins, and DNA, say with sugars, to produce AGEs (Advanced Glycation End products). Pyridoxamine can be taken in high doses without concern for peripheral neuropathy (Life Extension, July 2009), and occurs naturally in fish, chicken, walnuts, carrots, eggs, and other foods. Pryidoxal-5'-phosphate, produced along with pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate from pyridoxamine in the intestines, is most effective at combating lipid glycation out of the class of B6 vitamers, including aminoquanidine. Lipid glycation effects [Images] are visibly associated with aging effects [Images] as dramatized by type II diabetes [Images, Links, LifeExtension/glycation]. PLP (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) is a cofactor in many metabolic reactions. The Enzyme Commission has catalogued more than 140 PLP-dependent activities, corresponding to about 4% of all classified activities. PLP (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) reduces 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (a marker of oxidative DNA damage), and liver malondialdehyde plus 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals (a marker of tissue lipid peroxidation). Vitamin B12 [Wikipedia, Links, Books, LibCong, LifeExtension] Vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin B6, and trimethylglycine are often used together in homocysteine blockers [Links, Images; Links/Homocysteine screens, Images, LifeExtension]. Vitamin B12 also improves nerve conduction velocity [LifeExtension] in old people [Links]. Vitamin C [Links, Books, LibCong, LifeExtension], [27,28,29,30,31]. Vitamin C (Linus Pauling Institute), enhances glutathione peroxidase activity, [see also Beyond C from IAAS] (1). Vitamin C dose 500 mg, DNA damage on overdose feared, [47s]. Vitamin C shown to increase mouse life span 20%., [29]. Vitamin C missing in humans, synthesized in animals, [29]. Vitamin C., Foods rich in vitamin C, [28]. Vitamin C slows telomere shortening by 52% to 62%. (paper by K.Furomoto), [29]. Vitamin C largely cleared in Kidney Stone formation investigations, (1). Vitamin C, chewable, [27]. Vitamin C, microcrystals, [27]. Vitamin C, chewable, tasty, [27]. Vitamin C, liquid, [27]. Vitamin C, liquid, with bioflavonoids, [27]. Vitamin C with bioflavonoids, links, [27]. Vitamin D [Links/Vitamin D; Links/vitamin D and telomere loss, Books, LibCong, Papers] Vitamin D attenuates telomere loss rates in leukocytes and many other cells. According to William Falloon of Life Extension Magazine, men with low vitamin D levels suffer 2.47 x more heart attacks. He recommends 1000 IU per day. A 142% reduction in heart attacks was seen with vitamin D. Women deficient in vitamin D have a 253% increased risk of colon cancer, and women with the lowest level of vitamin D had a 222% increased risk of breast cancer. Men with higher levels of vitamin D have a 52% reduced incidence of prostate cancer. Vitamin D also helps prevent strokes. "In September 2006, a long-term study concluded that taking Vitamin D can substantially cut the risk of pancreatic cancer (as well as other cancers) by up to 50%." - Wiki/Pancreatic cancer. See Maximum Telomere Support [Links], which contains both 40 mg astragaloside IV and 2000 IU of vitamin D per tablet. (dose: 2/day, 60 Capsules $89.95). See J. Brent Richards, et al, (2007) "Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women". Vitamin E [Ohio State/Vitamin E (i.e., alpha, beta, delta and gamma tocopherols), Ben Best, Books, LibCong, Links, LifeExtension], variants, (5). Vitamin E is a small molecule telomerase inhibitor. Gamma tocopherol [Links, Papers] and alpha tocopherol [Links, Papers] are the major forms of vitamin E found in human plasma, with gamma tocopherol being absorbed better than alpha tocopherol, although alpha tocopherol levels are typically 4x as high as gamma tocopherol levels in the blood [Links]. See the relative absorption of tocopherols and/or the relative bioavailability of tocopherols. Gamma tocopherol quenches the peroxynitrite radical [Links] and is more effective at stopping lipid peroxidation [Links] than alpha tocopherol. Gamma tocopherol may be displaced by alpha tocopherol, and increases cellular accumulation of alpha tocopherol. [Links, LifeExtension, April 2009]. Vitamin E tocotrienols [Books, LibCong/tocotrienols, Links, Wikipedia, LifeExtension]. Vitamin K [Wikipedia/Vitamin K, LifeExtension, Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon]. "Protects against arterial calcification, bone loss, cancer, and aging" (Life Extension, Jan 2009). Note that calcium-supplemented diets reduce calcification of arteries, preventing calcium from accumulating in soft tissues. Vitamin K helps regulate calcium balance in the body. Endothelial collagen caps around atherosclerotic plaques attract calcium, producing "hardening of the arteries", increasing heart attack risk. Supplementing Vitamin K2 can reverse arterial calcification. Vitamin K2 deflects rheumatoid arthritis. With vitamin D, vitamin K2 protects against osteoporosis and improves fracture healing rates. Vitamin K2 reduces prostate cancer risk. Vitamin K2 induces autophagy and apoptosis in leukemia cells, and reduces the probability of liver cancer, inhibiting the proinflammatory nuclear transcription factor NFkB. (Vitamin K2 inhibits NFkappaB.) Note vitamin K2 is more readily absorbed than vitamin K1. There are two forms of vitamin K2, the MK-4 form being the most rapidly absorbed, the MK-7 form (menaquinone-7 [Links, LifeExtension]) being the most bioavailable in the body over a period of over 24 hours, up to many days. The MK-7 form is 3x more effective at promoting activated osteocalcin for the bone. Keeping vitamin K high defends against old-age systemic calcification, preventing old soft tissues from turning to stone-like consistency, and reducing all-cause mortality. Vitamin K keeps calcium in the bones and out of the arteries. See Life Extension Super K. The best sources of vitamin K are spinach, Brussels sprouts, Swiss chard, green beans, asparagus, broccoli, kale and mustard greens; good sources include green peas and carrots. Vitamin K2 [Links, LibCong, LifeExtension] (menaquinone-7) provides better vitamin K function, making osteocalcin from small amounts. Osteocalcin directs calcium into bones instead being left in the blood to calcify arteries. Vitamins, [Books, LibCong, LifeExtension], optimal dosages & RDAs, plus other anti-aging supplement dosages, [62s]. Vitis Vinefera [Wikipedia/Vitis Vinefera (grape)], (0). Wasabi [LEF/Wasabi, Wikipedia, Links, Images, Books, LifeExtension], SOD-booster substitute, SOD-mimetic [Books/SOD mimetics, Links, Amazon], DNA-protective [Books/DNA protective, Books/DNA protective agents], anti-cancer. Weibull Distribution [Wikipedia, Links, Images] Technical parts fail according to the Weibull distribution. The cumulative Weibull Distribution [Wikipedia, Links, Images] with a failure rate k > 1 for failures increasing over time somewhat resembles the mortality charts of human death rate after age 38, when the death rate begins to rise as cellular senescence makes hairs turn grey and forces diseases of old age to become manifest, resulting in Gompertz-Makeham Laws of Mortality. Werner Syndrome (WS) [Links, Images, Books, Papers, LibCong, Amazon] A premature aging syndrome less severe than Hutchinson-Guilford Progeria. Werner Syndrome is due to mutations in the gene for WRNp, a DNA helicase with an exonuclease domain used in DNA unwinding that is localized to the telomere. Since WS cells have been observed to thrive in in vitro cell cultures when hTERT is activated, it may be that small molecule telomerase activators (7) will provide effective therapy for alleviating symptoms of Werner Syndrome. [Junko Oshima, Werner Syndrome, in Chromosomal Instability and Aging, Hisama et al., 2003.] Wheat Sprouts, [Wikipedia/Sprouting, Links, Images, Books, Papers,] a bioavailable SOD source [Links/bioavailable SOD, Papers/bioavailable SOD], [64s]. Whey Protein [Wikipedia, Links, Images/whey protein supplements, Books, LibCong, Papers, Ben Best] from skim milk, cottage cheese, or micronized whey protein supplements is probably best for life extension, less risky than mercury-contaminated fish. Whey protein improves HGH levels [Links, Books, Papers]. BCAA Branched Chain Amino Acids [Links, Index] - isoleucine, leucine, and valine are thought to turn on muscle synthesis, according to Jim Stoppani PhD of Muscle and Fitness magazine (Fall 2009) in Elements of a Stack. In particular, extra leucine is used with whey protein, together with fast digesting carbohydryates to drive insulin levels up and transport amino acids into cells. Whey protein isolates, possibly micronized, at 20-30 grams may be taken with 5-10 grams of extra leucine and 40-100 grams of dextrose after workouts. Insulin secretions can be further boosted by Gymnema Sylvestre (250-500 mg) to implement a post-workout bodybuilding shake. Whey protein by itself can boost HGH levels, as can bodybuilding exercises in the presence of an adequate diet. The HGH is turned by the liver into IGF-1, which is a telomerase activator (7) for which an IGF-1 receptor exists in almost every human cell. Thus most bodybuilding activity is inherently life extending. See Bodybuilding and Anabolics. Why Do We Age?, [Links, Books/Causes of Aging, Amazon] from Senescence Info. Who's Who in Gerontology [Links/Whos Who in Gerontology, Links/Who's Who in Life Extension, Links/..in Biogerontology, Links/..in Molecular Gerontology] [4]. Wigs [Links, Images, Books, Amazon], Wigs, TV Wigs, Movie Star Wig, Wow Wigs, L-Wig, Ace Wigs, Wilshire Wigs, Visionary Wig. Wigs can reconstruct hair in a way that seems to restore youth and beauty. Withanolides [Links, Images/Withanolides Supplements, LibCong] are found in Ashwagandha [Links, Images/Ashwagandha supplements, LifeExtension, LibCong], and boost levels of endogenous antioxidants. Ashwagandha withanolides are also believed to reduce cortisol levels, quietening anxiety and producing states of relative tranquility. A dose of 250 mg twice a day of Ashwagandha is recommended. Ashwagandha is useful in treating old age dementia and in recovery from brain conditions. Wolfberry Shangri-la's Chinese Wolfberry (GoJi Berry) [LifeExtension, Links, Images, Books, Amazon, Papers, Wikipedia, Ray/Goji, Ray/Wolfberry], which is also said to "elevate SOD". Li Qing Yuen, said to have lived to the age of 252 years (1678-1930), consumed Goji berries daily. Wound Healing [Wikipedia, Books, LibCong, Papers, Patents, Links, LifeExtension, Amazon], promoted by the topical application of pomegranate, vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin C, copper, CuZnSOD, ect. Extra iron is detrimental to wound healing. Geron Corporation determined that small molecule telomerase activators in astragalus root extract improve wound healing. Also note that cryosurgery to remove a keratosis or a wart relies on wound healing to replace frozen tissue with new skin. See also Links/Wound Healing Assays, Books/Wound Healing Assays, European patent on Astralagus Extracts with Wound Healing Studies(for Hong Kong U.), Geron European Patent on Telomerase Methods with Would Healing Studies, or the A' alternate-source version Compositions and Methods for Increasing Telomerase Activity, or A''. See also Books/ischemic wound, and [Jon E. Mogford, et al., Adenoviral Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Dramatically Improves Ischemic Wound Healing Without Detrimental Immune Response in an Aged Rabbit Model, Human Gene Therapy, June 1, 2006]. Wound Management [Links, Images, Papers, Patents, Books, LibCong, Amazon]. World's Healthiest Foods, [Books/Food Properties, LibCong, Links/Food Properties, Books/Health Properties of Foods, Links/Health Properties of Foods, Amazon/Health Properties of Foods], [55]. Wrinkle Treatments [Wrinkle Treatment Reviews, Links, Images, Books, Amazon, Papers, Patents, LifeExtension, LibCong] (See Energo, see Skin.), Peptide Age-Defying Wrinkle Creams, [54]. Carnosine skin cream [Links, Images, Books, Papers, Patents, LifeExtension] may extend the Hayflick limit for skin cell division in vivo, as it does for cells in culture. Also see Deep Wrinkle Relaxer Facial Serum and Best Wrinkle Creams. Xenohydrolases [Links/Xenohydrolases, Images, Papers, Patents], [4s] for lipofuscin removal [Links, Papers, Patents; IndexIL/Lipofuscin, (4), (13)]. Zeaxanthin & Lutein [Links/Zeaxanthin & Lutein for macular degeneration, in orange juice and egg yolks; Images/Zeaxanthin and Lutein supplements], [101], [25i]. Zeaxanthin [pronunciation, Wikipedia/Zeaxanthin, Links/Zeaxanthin, Books, LibCong, Papers, Patents, LifeExtension; Images/Zeaxanthin supplements]. Zinc Homeostasis and Short Telomeres [Links/Zinc and Telomeres, Links/Zinc Fingers and Telomeres; Links/Zinc Homeostasis, Wikipedia/Zinc(Biological role), Links/Zinc supplements, Images/Zinc supplements, Links/Foods rich in Zinc, GovFactSheet/Zinc]. See Catia Cipriano, Silvia Tesei, Marco Malavolta, Robertina Giacconi, Elisa Muti, Laura Costarelli, Francesco Piacenza, Sara Pierpaoli, Roberta Galeazzi, Maria Blasco, Elsa Vera, Andres Canela, Fabrizia Lattanzio and Eugenio Mocchegiani, 2009, Accumulation of Cells With Short Telomeres Is Associated With Impaired Zinc Homeostasis and Inflammation in Old Hypertensive Participants, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2009, 64A(7):745-751. Note that semen, which perpetually contains cells with long telomeres, is rich in zinc, which is sometimes taken to increase the size of a semen load. Note that "oysters" are the food source richest in zinc. "Zinc deficiency is characterized by... impaired immune function." Zinc "is required for the catalytic activity of approximately 100 enzymes and it plays a role in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell division." - GovFactSheet/Zinc. In overdose, however, zinc can function as a neurotoxin. Copper deficiency may be induced at intakes of 100–300 mg Zinc/day. Higher hospitalizations were observed among elderly men taking 80 mg Zinc/day. The USDA RDA is 15 mg Zinc/day, while the average intake for men was about 14 mg Zinc/day and 9 mg Zinc/day in women. - Wikipedia/Zinc(Biological role). Optimal dosage turned out to be about 45 mg of zinc per day. Spring Valley markets Zinc in 50 mg caplets for immune health. |
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Disclaimer: These are student study notes for research on life extension, not the prescription of a medical doctor. These customer investigations of various anti-aging medicines and foods and associated disciplines are not to be interpreted as a medical doctor's prescription or product endorsement. Be sure to check a PDR (Physician's Desktop Reference) regarding dosage, contraindications, and side effects. See also Wal-Mart's checker for Drugs and Drug Interactions and Google Books Pharmaceutical References. It is best to use quality pharmaceuticals from reputable manufacturers according to the instructions of the manufacturer, and to avoid using mere chemicals that may be under investigation for pharmaceutical applications. Many of the tips and clues in this document could benefit from further testing and research. |