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Index to Anti-Aging Medicine P-R || Home || ARC | ImmInst | SWL | Groups:LifeExtension |
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Anti-Aging Medicine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 || Labs | Foots | Refs | Sup Notes 1 | 2 | 3a | 3b | 4 | 5 | Vendors | Biblio | Change Log | Mortality Charts | Age Transformation Life Extension Magazine | IAAS | A4M | QC | Ray | Barron || Mechanisms of Aging | IN | SENS | MEME | METHUS || Springer | WSU A-B | C-D | E-H | I-L | M-O | P-R | S-U | V-Z || A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |[ Wikipedia | Wikigenes | iHOP | SA Biosciences ]| Geron A, A', A'', B | TA Sciences | Sierra Sciences | Maximum Telomere Support | RevGenetics | Terraternal Search: Journals || Wα | Calc | Scirus | BioInfoBank | National Library of Medicine | NIH | Elsevier EMBASE | Ingenta Connect | MedLine | Science Direct Google |[ Google Patents | Patent Lens ][ Google Books | LibCong | Amazon | Powells ][ Google Scholar | Wikipedia ][ MedLib | LibWeb] | Merriam-Webster |
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p66shc gene knockout [Books, LifeExtension] extends the lifetime of mice 30%!, [51s]. Paclitaxel essentially slices off telomeres from chromosomes, used with telomerase inhibitors like AZT in anticancer therapy. [Patents]. Pain medicine [Links, Images, Books, LifeExtension, LibCong], [93]. See Dental. [OTC: Links/Ibuprofen, Wikipedia/Ibuprofen; MedlinePlus/Pain Relievers: acetaminophen (Tylenol), NSAIDs: Aspirin, naproxen, Aleve]. See also Dental Anesthesiology [Links, Books, Amazon; Anesthesia [Images, Books]; Local Anesthesia [Images, Books]. See also Oral Local Anesthetic Injection [Images], Local Anesthetic [Wikipedia, Books, Images], Sedation Dentistry [Images, Books]. Dental Anesthesia [Links, Books, Images]. US Brands: Topical Anesthetics: Benzocaine [Links, Books]. Anesthetics for Injection, Novocaine [Links, Books], Lidocaine (Xylocaine) [Images, Wikipedia, Books]. See How to give an injection [Images]. How to give a dental injection [Images]. See also Pain [Wikipedia/Pain, Links/Pain, Books, Amazon, LifeExtension] and Pain Management [Wikipedia/Pain, Links/Pain Management, Books, Amazon, LifeExtension]. Pantethine [Patents, Links, Books, LifeExtension] (active form of vitamin B5, pantothenic acid), may enhance cognitive abilities and energy levels, [36s] (h). Parsley, Sage, Rosemary, and Thyme Parsley and Sage provide anti-inflammatory, anticancer Luteolin, a TNF-α inhibitor used to inhibit inflammation in diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease. It also inhibits muscle catabolism. (Enbrel is perhaps the most effective choice for a TNF-α inhibitor in Alzheimer's Disease.) Rosemary may be taken as an antioxidant, and aroma therapy based on Essential Oil of Rosemary activates Nerve Growth Factor via carnosic acid, improving memory. Thyme, also a source of anticancer Luteolin, is a source of the aniseptic used in Listerine, and was used by the ancient Egyptians in embalming, and by the ancient Greeks (who believed it was a source of courage) it was burnt as incense in their temples. Dietary sources of Luteolin include celery, green pepper, thyme, perilla and camomile tea. [Song from Simon & Garfunkle.] Patent Laws [LibCong, US Patent & Trademark Office, Wikipedia/Patents, Wikipedia/Biological Patents, United States Code Title 35 - Patents, Google Patent Search, Yahoo/Intellectual Property Law/Patents, Links, Books]. "The exclusive right granted to a patentee in most countries is the right to prevent or exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing the invention for the term of the patent, which is usually 20 years from the filing date. A patent is, in effect, a limited property right that the government offers to inventors in exchange for their agreement to share the details of their inventions with the public. Like any other property right, it may be sold, licensed, mortgaged, assigned or transferred, given away, or simply abandoned." - Wikipedia Pathology [Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Pathophysiology [Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Pathway Analysis [Links, Books, LibCong, LibCong, Amazon; Links/Pathway Analysis Software, SA Biosciences/Pathway Central, Biocarta Pathways, Biocarta Pathways/Telomeres, Telomerase, Cellular Aging, and Immortality, Wiki/David_(bioinfomatics_tool)(Links), KEGG Pathway Data Base(Links), Wikipedia/NCI-Nature Pathway Interaction Database(Links)], Invitrogen LINNEA Pathways. See also Gene Chips(Wiki/DNA microarray) - Affymetrix/Products & Services, SA Biosciences, Links/Gene Chips, Links/Transcripomics. See also Wiki/Systems biology, (Links/Systems biology), Links/Protein Microarrays, Links/Cellular Microarrays, Links/Antibody Microarrays, Links/Tissue Microarrays, and Links/Chemical Compound Microarrays . Peanut [Links, Wikipedia/Peanut] a good source of both gamma tocopherol (combatting the peroxidation of lipids) and arginine (for NO generation by nitric oxide synthase, supporting a healthy vascular endothelium against atherosclerosis), and also of lysine (for DNA maintenance, with arginine) and niacin (contributing to brain health, brain circulation, blood flow, and DNA repair). Peanuts contain up to 30x as much resveratrol (for SIRT1 activation) as grapes, about 73 micrograms per ounce. Furthermore, peanuts contain high concentrations of antioxidant polyphenols, primarily a compound called p-coumaric acid. Roasting can increase peanuts' p-coumaric acid levels by as much as 22%. (Wikipedia/Peanut). On the negative side, the peanut is 47% fat, including 7% saturated fat, 24 percent mono-unsaturated fat (much of which is fairly helpful oleic acid), and 16 percent poly-unsaturated fat, so that the peanut is high in calories at 166 calories per ounce, 126 calories/ounce of which come from fat. Peptide Bioregulators [Links, Books, Amazon] Peptide bioregulators have been investigated by the Institute for Bioregulation and Gerontology in St. Petersburg, Russia, and include the first small-molecule telomerase activator ever discovered, epithalon peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly), which was found in 2003. Epithalon peptide [Links, Amazon] is a regulator of telomere homeostasis [Books, Amazon] obtained in the epiphysis extracts (pineal gland extracts) before it was synthesized artificially as a peptide chain. Other biogregulators include Vilon (Lys-Glu) and Livagen (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala) [Paper]. Simple peptide chains (elementary proteins, sometimes enzymes) of note in anti-aging medicine include carnosine (Ala-His) and ependymin (Glu-Ser-Cys-Lys-Lys-Glu-Thr-Leu-Gln-Phe-Arg-Lys-His-Leu) a telomerase activator found in goldfish brains. Periodontitus [Wikipedia, Links, Images, Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Gum disease follows the receding gums associated with aging, as do cavities around the roots of teeth. Periodontitis affects approximately 50% of U.S. adults over 30 years of age. See also subgingival antibiotics (Arestin [Links/Arestin, Images]). Peroxidation of lipids [Links/Peroxidation of lipids, LifeExtension, Books, LibCong, Amazon, Papers, Wikipedia]. Peroxynitrite [Links/Peroxynitrite, Patents, Links, Books, LibCong, LifeExtension, Wikipedia], quenched by the gamma tocopherol form of vitamin E, plays a major role in old age decline in the recent literature on the free radical theory of aging. (1) Pharmaceutical Analysis [Links/Pharmaceutical analysis, Books/Pharmaceutical Analysis, LibCong, Amazon/Pharmaceutical Analysis, Links/pharmaceutical analysis of astragalus extract, Links/Pharmaceutical analysis services; Wikipedia, Links, Books, Amazon; Links/analytical chemistry of astragalus, Links/analytical chemistry of medicines, Links/analytical chemistry services, Links/analytical chemistry supplies]. Pharmaceutical Engineering [Links, Wikipedia, Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Pharmaceutical Vendors [Books], drug companies [Books, LibCong], for anti-aging, [38s]. Pharmaceutical Vendors of Anti-Aging Supplements [Longevity Supplement Vendors, embedded [38s]. Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability [Boomer/Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability, Wikipedia/Pharmacokinetics, LibCong/Pharmacokinetics, Wikipedia/Bioavailability, Books, LibCong/Bioavailability, LifeExtension, Amazon], [42s]. Pharmacology [Links, Books, Amazon, Wikipedia]. See also medicinal properties: [Wikipedia, Links] of medicines in pharmacology . Phenylbutylnitrone [Patents, Books, Links], an experimental life-extending antioxidant drug. Reduces rat maze running errors. - Dr. Denham Harman. Phlebotomy [Links, Wikipedia/Venipuncture, Links/Venipuncture, Books/Venipuncture, LibCong/Venipuncture, Amazon/Phlebotomy]. Phosphatidylcholine, [lecithin, Links, Patents, Books, LifeExtension, Wikipedia] (from Soy), [36s] (b) Phosphatidylserine [Links/Phosphatidylserine, Patents, Links, Wikipedia, LifeExtension] repairs mitochondrial membranes. Phospholipid Exchange Therapy [Infusion Therapies & Phospholipid exchange (phosphatidylcholine), Links, Books/phospholipid exchange therapy, LibCong/phospholipid exchange, Books/Phospholipid exchange, Books/phospholipid therapy, Amazon/Phospholipid exchange, Amazon/Phospholipid therapy, Papers, Patents, LifeExtension/Phospholipid exchange therapy, LifeExtension/phospholipid exchange, LifeExtension/phospholipid therapy, special links]. I think perhaps phospholipid exchange methods get showy and quick results for rejuvenation applications. Phospholipid exchange treatments are used by Dr. Terry Grossman, co-author of Fantastic Voyage. See Books/Phospholipid exchanges for cell membrane repair & Links. See also Krill Oil [LifeExtension, Links, IAAS], which contains choline and phospholipids in addition to omega-3 oils. Phytochemicals [Ben Best/Phytochemicals as Neutraceuticals, INFO/Phytochemicals, Wikipedia, Wiki/List of Phytochemicals and Foods in which they are prominent, LifeExtension, Books, LibCong, Links, Amazon, Phytochemistry] - The Phytochemical Collection. Phytochemical Separations [Links, Books, Papers, Amazon; Links/chemical separations, Books/chemical separations, Amazon, LibCong/chemical separations]. Phytochemical Testing [from Food Product Design, Links, Books, Amazon]. Phytoestrogens [Patents, Books, LibCong, LifeExtension, Links, Wikipedia], "phyto" means "plant", [20s]. Phytomedicines [Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon, Papers, Phytotherapy Research, Phytochemistry, Planta Medica]. See Journals. Pimagedine [Links] - An AGE inhibitor from Alteon. Pinolenic acid [LEF/Pinolenic acid appetite suppressant & insulin overload, Patents, Links, Books, LifeExtension], Google: Insulin Overload, Pinolenic acid. Piperine can improve the bioavailability up to 2000% in humans. [Patents, Wikipedia, Links, LifeExtension]. Piracetam [Piracetam.com, Patents, Books, Amazon, Links, LifeExtension, IAAS] and lipofuscin removal, smart drug, Google links, 4s. Also see Aniracetam [IAAS, Links] and Anacervix [IAAS, Links], which contains Piracetam with a vasodilator. Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS) [Links, Books, LibCong] Can be produced by transcription factors taken out of the egg cell in nuclear reprogramming [Books]. Thus, we may be able to produce human stem cells for life extension applications in this manner. These cells may be treated with telomerase activators or hTERT plasmids prior to implantation, so that youthful stem cells will be available for rejuvenation applications. Note that telomerase activators such as GAIA ethanol and water astragalus extracts, astragaloside IV, TA-65, and others boost adult stem cells and provide them in rejuvenated form for application to less difficult cases. Policosanol [Links/Policosanol, Patents, Books, LibCong, Links, LifeExtension], effective at reducing blood lipid levels for people with high cholesterol. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) [Links, Books, LibCong/PARP, Amazon, LifeExtension] A DNA repair polymerase enhanced by combined supplementation of nicotinamide, zinc, and carotenoids (Nicoplex). See Sheng Y, Pero RW, Olsson AR, Bryngelsson C, Hua J., 1998: DNA repair enhancement by a combined supplement of carotenoids, nicotinamide, and zinc, Cancer Detect Prev, 1998;22(4):284-92. Polygonum Cuspidatum Root [IndexIL/Japanese Knotweed, Japanese_Knotweed/Polygonum Cuspidatum Root, Books, Amazon, Links, LifeExtension, Benefits of Resveratrol], Japanese Knotweed [Books, Links], resveratrol [Links, Wikipedia, Books]), (0). Polyphenols [anti aging polyphenols, Wikipedia, LibCong/polyphenols, Books/polyphenols and aging, Links/polyphenols and aging, LifeExtension/polyphenols, LifeExtension/polyphenols and aging] - tea polyphenols, chocolate polyphenols, apple polyphenols. Polypodium Leucotomos Extract (Life Extension FERNBLOCK ) [Links, Books, Papers, Patents] Oral anti-sunburn pill, typically used together with a topical sunscreen. It is thought to inhibit harmful ultraviolet rays, quench free radicals, and to be associated with other anti-sunburn physiological elements. An extract of Polypodium leucotomos "was used as a sunburn remedy by native Indians for centuries." Polyunsaturated fats [Anne Collins/Polyunsaturated fats, Wikipedia, Books, LibCong, LifeExtension], [55]. Pomegranate - Rich in punicalagins [Pomegranate, Links, Papers, Wikipedia], powerful antioxidants. Increases synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), inhibits oxidation of LDL cholesterol, when applied topically, promotes youthfulness in skin, slows PSA (prostate-specific antigen) doubling time (anti-prostate cancer), speeds wound healing when applied topically, inhibits cyclooxygenase(s) and lipoxygenase when applied to skin, increases collagen synthesis by skin fibroblasts, which also synthesize elastin. [LifeExtension, Links, Wikipedia, Books/antioxidant pomegranate, Books/Pomegranate in NO synthesis, Papers, Links]. Postmitotic Cells [Links, Images, Papers, Books, LibCong, Amazon]. For the converse, see mitotically competent cells, above. Postmitotic cells include many varieties of nerve and muscle cell. Mitotically competent cells [Links, Images] include dermal fibroblasts, microglial cells, ect. POT1 [Science Daily article, Images, Links, Books/POT1 and the telomere, Links/POT1 and the telomere, Papers]. A protein that protects the single-stranded end of the telomere. PQQ - Pyrroloquinoline Quinone [Patents, Links, Books, Papers, LifeExtension], a dark chocolate antioxidant found in cocoa powder, possibly a key factor in the 122-year lifespan of Jeanne Calment. [25k]. Cocoa contains a high level of flavonoids [Links], such as catechins [Links] and epicatechin [Links], which have beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. Cocoa's epicatechins and polyphenols [Links] are antioxidants. Cocoa powder has roughly twice the antioxidants of red wine, and up to three times the antioxidants found in green tea. Cocoa also contains magnesium, iron, chromium, vitamin C, zinc and arginine (100 mg/tablespoon). Pregnenolone [Smart-DrugsPregnenolone, a memory improver, [Patents, Links, Wikipedia, Books, LibCong], [88]. pRB pathway pRB refers to the Retinoblastoma Protein. [Wikipedia/pRB, Links, Books, Amazon, LifeExtension]. Preventive Medicine [Wikipedia/Preventive medicine, Links, Books, Amazon, LifeExtension, LibCong]. Probiotics [Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon, LifeExtension] (see also Oral Probiotics [Links, LifeExtension]) may be used to replace bacteria in the mouth responsible for gingivitis and periodontal disease with friendly bacteria such as S. Salivarius, reducing tooth decay and lowering the overall level of inflammatory cytokines in the body, which tends to reduce atherosclerosis and thereby heart attack and stroke. Inflammation from periodontal disease may also contribute to Alzheimer's Disease and other disorders associated with an inflammatory environment for cells. Progeria [Ben Best, Books, LibCong, LifeExtension] [86]. Progesterone [Links, Books, Amazon, LibCong] There is a progesterone receptor [Links] site in the hTERT promoter for the protein catalytic subunit of telomerase. The progesterone receptor is the nuclear superfamily transcription factor associated with the cell membrane receptor. Progesterone Cream [Links]. See also Hormone Skin Creams [Links]. The hTERT promoter includes receptors for both progesterone and estrogen superfamily transcription factors, as well as other factors, including Sp1 and c-Myc. Promoters (Gene Promoters and Transcription Factors) [Gene Regulation in Eucaryotes, Wikipedia/Promoter, Links/Gene Promoters, PatentLens/promoters; Links/Drug Interactions with Gene Promoters, Books/Drug Interactions with Gene Promoters, Papers/Drug Interactions with Gene Promoters, Links/Transcription Factors, Books/Transcription Factors, Papers/Transcription Factors, Links/Drugs and Transcription Factors, Books/Drugs and Transcription Factors, Links/Transcription Factor Pathways, Books/Transcription Factor Pathways] . See the index entry for The hTERT promoter for the catalytic component of telomerase. Prostate Cancer [E_Medicine_Health/Prostate Cancer, Patents, Books, Amazon, Links, Images, Papers, LifeExtension, LibCong/Prostate Cancer], and cruciferious vegetables, prostate cancr causes, prostate cancer prevention. See Cancer, [71], [49]. One in six men will eventually develop prostate cancer, a leading disease of old age. Eating meat rich in arachidonic acid, or saturated fats, or omega-6 fatty acids (converted by the body into arachidonic acid), tends to the production of the enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX [Links]), which stimulates prostate cancer cell proliferation. 5-LOX also metabolizes arachidonic acid to leukotriene B5 [Links], a pro-inflammatory agent. Fish oil lowers 5-LOX activity in the body, and 5-LOX is also suppressed by lycopene [Links], saw palmetto extract [Links], and Boswellia extract (See 5-LOXIN) [Links/Boswellia extract]. Loss of glutathione S-transferase precedes prostate cancer [Links], so Ashwagandha, which elevates endogenous antioxidants, might help with this. Otherwise, sulforaphane [Wikipedia, Images] from broccoli sprouts typically does a good job of preventing prostate cancer [Books, Papers]. I note that aging record holder Jeanne Calment put olive oil on her food. Also see Niki Chondrogianni, Ioannis P. Trougakos, Dimitris Kletsas, Qin M. Chen and Efstathios S. Gonos, Partial proteasome inhibition in human fibroblasts triggers accelerated M1 senescence or M2 crisis depending on p53 and Rb status, Aging Cell, Volume 7 Issue 5, Pages 717 - 732. Enterolactone(s) [LifeExtension, Links, Books] from plant lignans [Links, Wikipedia, LifeExtension] are also useful in preventing prostate cancer and may be obtained from flax or Norway Spruce. See Lignans Protect Against Prostate Cancer By William Faloon. Obese men, those with a BMI higher than 30, were 1.6 times more likely to die from their disease, according to a recent report in the journal Cancer. Note that prostate cancer is one of the scourges of she males, who in the future will be protected against them by medicines and nutraceuticals that have preventative effect. The blockage of the urinary tract might cause a psuedo-pregnancy associated with Episcopalian bladders. (Note that relatively harmless BPH [Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia] can also cause temporary urinary tract blockage and a state of alarm.) Another she male scourge is breast cancer, probably preventable by treatment with telomere-lengthening astagalosides (telomerase activators) to prevent telomere fusion in breast epithelial tissue responsible for carcinomas. One in 8 women suffers from breast cancer. Esophogeal cancer can result from tissue rejection phenomenae associated with the flow of semen through the esophagus, and might be prevented by a glass of water. Protein Damage and Maintenance in Aging [Ben Best/Protein Damage and Maintenance in Aging, Books/Protein Damage in Aging, LibCong/Protein Damage in Aging, Books/protein maintenance in aging]. Protein Turnover [Patents, Books, LibCong/Protein turnover, Amazon/protein turnover in aging, Links/protein turnover, LifeExtension]. Proteasomes [(14), Wikipedia, Links, Books, LibCong, Papers, Amazon/proteasomes in aging, Papers/Oleuropein & proteasome], digest used proteins tagged with ubiquitin, can be gummed up from isoketals formed from arachidonic acid excess, [3s, 4s]. Proteasomes and damaged protein garbage collection. "Normal human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence due to both genetic and environmental factors. Senescence and aging can be further accelerated by exposure of cells to a variety of oxidative agents that contribute among other effects to the accumulation of damaged proteins. The proteasome, a multicatalytic nonlysosomal protease, has impaired function during aging, while its increased expression delays senescence in human fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to identify natural compounds that enhance proteasome activity and exhibit antiaging properties. We demonstrate that oleuropein, the major constituent of Olea europea leaf extract, olive oil and olives, enhances the proteasome activities in vitro stronger than other known chemical activators, possibly through conformational changes of the proteasome. Moreover, continuous treatment of early passage human embryonic fibroblasts with oleuropein decreases the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces the amount of oxidized proteins through increased proteasome-mediated degradation rates and retains proteasome function during replicative senescence. Importantly, oleuropein-treated cultures exhibit a delay in the appearance of senescence morphology and their life span is extended by approximately 15%." [article]. Protein carbonyls [Links, Books, Amazon, LifeExtension], (1). Protein Damage [Ben Best/Protein damage other than glycosation [LifeExtension/protein damage, Amazon/protein damage in aging, LibCong, Books/protein damage in aging, Books/protein damage]. Protein glycation [Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon/protein glycation and aging LifeExtension], Glycation of Proteins, (5) Protein glycosylation [Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Protein glycosylation enzymatically adds a sugar to a protein as part of a cell signalling process. On the other hand, protein glycation results in carbonylation of proteins, a form of protein damage, and is not controlled by an enzyme. Proteoglycans [Books/proteoglycans and repair, Books/Proteoglycans, LibCong, LifeExtension] Proteomics [Wikipedia, LibCong, Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon]. See Biomolecular Interaction Network Data Base (BIND), Dolan DNA Learning Center of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Ensembl!, ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) Proteomics Server, FlyBase, Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Biointeractive, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), NCBI Blast!, NCBI Online Medelian Inheritance in Man, Nobel Prize Winners, Protein Data Bank, Protein Explorer Front Door, UnitProt/Swiss-Prot, U.S. National Institutes of Health, and WormBase. Also see the National Cancer Institute proteomics site, and the Korean site Seoulin Virtual Biology. Protocols, Antioxidant [Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Protocols, Biomedical [Books/bio method protocols, Amazon] John M. Walker Series, Humana Press. Protocols, Biotechnological [BioProtocol, Books, LibCong, LibCong2, Links] | Nature/Methods and Nature Protocols [Links/Bioscience Protocols, Books/Bioscience Protocols, Amazon]. See also Biowww.net, and SA Biosciences. Protocols, Chromosome [Books, Amazon, LibCong]. Protocols Guide [Biotechniques/Protocols Guide, on-line, from Biotechniques]. Protocols, Human Cell Membrane [Books, Amazon, LibCong/cell membrane protocols]. Protocols, Lipid Membrane [Books/lipid membrane protocols, LibCong, Amazon]. Protocols, Nucleic Acid [Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Protocols, PCR [Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Protocols, Peptide [Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Protocols, Protein [Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Protocols, Shay-Wright [Shay-Wright Laboratory Methods]. Protocols, Telomere and Telomerase [Books, LibCong, Amazon]. Pumpkin Seed Extract [Links, LifeExtension] Water-soluble pumpkin seed extract decreases urinary tract incontinence by increasing nitric oxide levels, helping to relax bladder muscles. In addition, it inhibits aromatase, making testosterone available to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor. In addition, it inhibits 5-alpha-reductase contributing to prostate enlargement in BPH with aromatase. Purge-the-Poisons Theory of Rejuvenation According to this theory, sometimes ascribed to "hucksters", aging is due to the accumulation of poisons that can be purged, so that they that purge themselves the most become victorious. It is also a Forced Caloric Restriction Method of Anti-Aging Medicine. It might have been popular with Haritaki enthusiasts, whose brew was recently shown to be telomere-extending and telomerase activating, although it is a laxative that has been tagged as "alterative". Drinking many draughts of cocoa powder and water daily as a more powerful antioxidant replacement for tea as recommended by these web pages [78s] can also produce a laxative effect. I note that the cold cocoa powder tea does not, however, aggravate periodontal disease due to a root canal, as drinking hot tea can easily do. Furthermore, realize that "alterative" processes are often associated with the elevation of estrogen or progesterone, both of which are telomerase activators with receptors on the hTERT promoter, so that repeated purges may be associated with telomerase activation rejuvenation if they are applied in a way that elevates these "hormones" as a consequence of sexual manuevers. Furthermore, since falling in love has been shown to elevate levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) for year, love-associated purge movements may improve smartness and sensitivity in addition to stimulating telomere regrowth for restoration of youth and vitality. The mean defecation frequency (an easy variable to measure) often seems to go up when anti-aging medicine nutritional techniques are applied, though charts of it are not in vogue, perhaps by a factor of 4. It seems we clean out our britches more doing anti-aging experiments. See the index entry for Medical School. Purpura [Books/purpura, LibCong, Books/senile purpura, Books/Treating Senile Purpura, Links, LifeExtension/purpura, 81bs]. Senile purpura are characteristic lesions of old age due to collagen loss in veinous walls. Possible treatments include vitamin C and Bilberry. PTB (N-Phenacyl Thiazolium Bromide) [Links, Books, LifeExtension] - Breaks cross-links a little less effectively than ALT-711 [LifeExtension, Links, Books], or Alagebrium [Books, Amazon, Links, LifeExtension]. Pygeum Extract, Pygeum Africanum extract [Links, LifeExtension] helps suppress prostaglandins [Links] that increase the size of the prostate gland [Images] as men age. The most biologically active constituent of Pygeum extract is beta-sitosterol [Links, LifeExtension], which may also be obtained from other plant sources. Pyridoxamine [ MoreLife/Pyridoxamine, Links, Books, Papers, LifeExtension], (a B6 vitamer), a glycation inhibitor, inhibits the formation of both ALEs [Books] and AGES [Books], cross-link inhibitor, (5). See also Preventing AGEs and Cross-linkages: A Comprehensive Approach, 14th Apr 2006. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate [Links, Wikipedia, Books], or the active co-enzyme form of vitamin B6, [36s] (i) Pyritnol [IAAS/Pyritnol (Cerbon 6 [Links]), a life-extending nootropic "smart drug" increasing brain glucose uptake, improving brain memory, vigilance, and concentration, also an anti-oxidant. James South article, [Links, Wikipedia]. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) [Links, Books, Papers, Patents, LifeExtension], a dark chocolate antioxidant found in cocoa powder, possibly a key factor in the 122-year lifespan of Jeanne Calment. [25k]. Cocoa contains a high level of flavonoids [Links], such as catechins [Links] and epicatechin [Links], which have beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. Cocoa's epicatechins and polyphenols [Links] are antioxidants. Cocoa powder has roughly twice the antioxidants of red wine, and up to three times the antioxidants found in green tea. Cocoa also contains magnesium, iron, chromium, vitamin C, zinc and arginine (100 mg/tablespoon). Radix Astragali Astragalus root / Milk Vetch root, Astragalus membranaceus/ Astragalus mongholicus, a name used in traditional Chinese medicine. [Links, Books, LibCong, Papers, Amazon]. Elements of Radix Astragali are thought to improve the bioavailability of astragalosides in astragalus extract. Therefore chitosan, sodium deoxycholate, and radix astragali may all be used to improve the bioavailability of astragalosides. Radix=roots, or the base of a number system in mathematics. RAGE Receptor [Links, Books, Wikipedia, LifeExtension, Amazon]: a 35kD transmembrane receptor of the immunoglobulin super family for advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), a pattern-recognition receptor. Proteins which bind to the RAGE receptor include AGE, HMGB1 (Amphoterin), S100b, Amyloid-beta-protein, and Mac-1. After ligand binding upon RAGE signals activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, which controls several genes involved in inflammation. Ras [Wikipedia, Links, Books/oncogenic Ras, Amazon/oncogenic Ras]. "Telomerase does not prevent human fibroblasts from undergoing a senescence response to oncogenic RAS...", Judith Campisi, Cellular Senescence, in Chromosomal Instability and Aging, p.31. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) [Kimball/Biology_Pages/Reactive Oxygen Species by Ben Best, Books, LibCong, Links, Amazon, LifeExtension, Wikipedia] (1) Red Wine [25d]. Receptors [Books/Drug Receptors, Amazon/Drug Receptors, LibCong/drug receptors, Patents/Drug Receptors, Papers/Drug Receptors, Images, Links]. Reflux Extraction [Links, Images; Links/laboratory reflux extraction, Images/laborabory reflux extraction; Links/separation technology, Images/separtion technology; Links/thermal reflux extraction, Images/thermal reflux extraction]. Regenerative Medicine [RegMedNet/Regenerative Medicine, Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon, LifeExtension, Ben Best], McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Morphogenesis and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Google's Regenerative Medicine, SpringerLink Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology [Links, Books, Amazon], [56]. Also see Stem Cells. Rejuvenation Research [Cambridge/SENS/Rejuvenation Research, Books/anti-aging rejuvenation, Amazon, LibCong/rejuvenation, LifeExtension], ed. Aubrey de Grey [Books, Links, Papers, Wikipedia, LifeExtension, Videos], [40], [79s]. See also Skin Rejuvenation [Books/skin rejuvenation, Links/skin rejuvenation, Papers/skin rejuvenation, Amazon/skin rejuvenation, IQ Derma, New Face Solution]. See also Telomere Remodeling with Cyclic Telomerase Activation, TA Sciences, and Journals. Rejuvenation of the Hair [Books/hair rejuvenation, LibCong/rejuvenation, LifeExtension]. Hair melanocytes are refreshed by stem cells that may be rejuvenated with telomerase activation. See Telomere Remodeling with Cyclic Telomerase Activation and TA Sciences. Rejuvenation of the Neck, [Books, LibCong/rejuvenation, Amazon, Links, Papers, LifeExtension, IQ Derma, New Face Solution]. Replicative Senescence [Links, Images, Books, LibCong/replicative senescence, Wikipedia, Amazon, LifeExtension, Mechanisms of Aging/XII. Telomeres and Aging by Ben Best]. See Senescence, Senescence Pathway, and Cellular Senescence. Most human cells, for instance dermal fibroblasts, have a cell division limit of about 50, the Hayflick limit. Exceptions include adult stem cells that transiently express telomerase to enable more cell divisions, for instance deep dermal keratinocytes, and germ line cells, which express enough telomerase to keep their telomeres at constant length. When the cell division limit is exceeded, the telomere cannot cap itself with a t-loop, and the undone telomere generates a DNA damage signal which stops the cell cycle and precipitates the senescent state of the cell, which has a different pattern of gene expression than the immortal phenotype of the cell. Senescent fibroblasts swell up to about 3 times their normal size and begin to excrete matrix metalloproteinases destructive of the extracellular matrix, such as collagenase (MMP-1) and stromelysin (MMP-2). Senescent fibroblasts also produce lower levels of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors protecting the extracellular matrix from degradation, TIMP1 and TIMP3. In the youthful, immortal phenotype state, the dermal fibroblasts excrete collagen and elastin to maintain the extracellular matrix, preventing wrinkles observed to set in after the senescent state is acquired. Pre-senescent cells also express higher levels of endogenous antioxidants and other factors tending to protect DNA, cell membranes, and the extracellular matrix. Rejuvenation of senescent cells is possible with small molecule telomerase activators [81s/TA], which can reconstruct telomeres, lengthening them until they can recap themselves with a t-loop structure. Many diseases of old age have their origin in replicative senescence [81s]: See Michael Fossel, Cells, Aging, and Human Disease. Reproduction [Wikipedia, Wikipedia/Reproductive System, Wikipedia/Sexual Reproduction, Wikipedia/Ovaries, Wikipedia/Ovum, Wikipedia/Oogenesis, Books/Human Oogenesis, Links, Amazon/Human Oogenesis] Our advanced programs for cyclic telomerase activation and cellular therapy including cell membrane rejuvenation, elimination of cellular lipofuscin and ceroid deposits, antioxidant DNA screening, accelerated DNA repair, and antiglycation drugs will probably result in youthful patterns of gene expression maintained for many decades, or even centuries, so that women will not go through menopause until much later than they now do. Women past menopause will probably experience rejuvenation effects including reactivation of their pre-menopausal state. It is commonly believed that when oocytogenesis is completed, no additional primary oocytes are created to make human ova, so that oocytes reach their maximum at about 20 weeks of gestational age, when there are approximately seven million of them. Recently, this has been challenged by new observations A, B. This should make it possible to maintain a pool of fertile men and women for reproduction to cover any requirement in a natural way as we approach physical immortality with rejuvenation included. Individuals will maintain a minimum population of senescent cells to preserve the immortal phenotype as fertile young adults, so that reproduction will be possible whenever it is convenient or necessary for recovery. Resilience Rescue L-Carnosine skin cream, [54]. Resveratrol: [Wikipedia, Links, Books, LibCong, Amazon, Papers, LifeExtension, Terraternal/Resveratrol, Patents, Benefits of Resveratrol], (0). Resveratrol is a small-molecule telomerase inhibitor and a small-molecule SIRT1 activator. It also inhibits COX-2 and has anti-inflammatory properties. Resveratrol down-regulates telomerase in cancer cells, and may be used to treat breast cancer. Resveratrol anti-cancer, (0). Resveratrol Capsules from Life Extenstion, from Terraternal/Resveratrol, from RevGenetics, (0). Resveratrol in wines, grapes, roots, (0), [100]. Resveratrol links., (0). Resveratrol not found in sun-dried raisins, (0). Resveratrol content of berries, (0). Resveratrol molecule, Wikipedia, (0). Resveratrol pills, (0). Resveratrol source Polygonum Cuspidatum (Japanese Knotweed), (0). Resveratrol sources, (Linus Pauling Institute), (0). Resveratrol supplement links, (0). Resveratrol increases life span of Drosophila 35%, decreases hydrogen peroxide levels to protect mitochondria, (0). Resveratrol increases life span of round worms somewhat, fruit flies somewhat, and yeast cells 70% to 80% according to Life Extension magazine, (0). Resveratrol from Longevinex and/or Red wine, SIR2 gene & CR, (0). Resveratrol from Longevinex links. Resveratrol cutting-edge technology, according to Life Extension, (0). Resveratrol by Ray Sahelian, a natural polyphenol, neuroprotective, anti-macular degeneration, anti-beta-amyloid, anti-cancer, anti-cancer via gene regulation, NO-stimulating, anti-oxidant, anti-oxidant generating, stimulates apoptosis of cancer cells like curcumin, like quercetin anti-inflammatory, (0). Resveratrol & Quercetin by James South, Links/Resveratrol, LibCong/resveratrol, LibCong/Quercetin, Quercetin links. Retinoblastoma [Wikipedia, Links, LibCong]. It will be useful to use small molecule telomerase activators like astragaloside IV on the eyes, to maintain cells in the cornea. For safety, tests should be done on rabbit eyes and so forth before taking this step. Retinoblastoma took an eye from our pet dog Puddles when I was a boy, clouding the eye until it turned white, and in general retinoblastoma is a bug-a-boo that haunts developers of medicines to be applied to the eyes. Reversing Cellular Senescence [Links, Books, Papers]. See also Telomere Remodeling with Cyclic Telomerase Activation, TA Sciences, Longevity Supplement Vendors/Astragalus, and see the index entries on astragalosides, astragaloside IV, and our notes on telomerase activators. Also see section (7) on telomerase activation therapy. Rhodiola rosea [LEF/Rhodiola rosea, Wikipedia, 2nd article, Books, LibCong, Amazon, LifeExtension] improves measures of mental performance, including associative thinking, short-term memory, calculation, concentration, and speed of audiovisual perception. Recently, Rhodiola has been shown to extend the life span of fruit flies. [Links, Article]. Rosemary [Links, Papers, LifeExtension, Wikipedia; Links/rosemary herb medicinal], "higher antioxidant capacity than vitamin E." "Humans exposed just to the aroma of the essential oil of Rosemary [Links] performed significantly better on overall memory quality compared with controls...and also had increased states of alertness..." - LifeExtension, March 2009. [Links/aromas of rosemary and lavender]. See also rosmarinic acid [Links, Papers, LifeExtension, Wikipedia], carnosol [Links, Papers, LifeExtension] and carnosic acid [Links, Papers, LifeExtension], which are the active antioxidant compounds found in rosemary. Note that carnosic acid also stimulates Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) synthesis, which may be responsible for memory improvements when rosemary is used or essential oil of rosemary is inhaled through the nose. Royal Jelly [Links/Royal Jelly for anti-aging, Wikipedia, Books, LibCong, Amazon, LifeExtension]. Aubrey De Grey mentioned it in a table in one of his articles as an anti-aging therapeutic method, along with some other novel approaches, which I have given below with search links on Google: anti-aging hormonal manipulation, Royal Jelly for anti-aging. Claims of the Hive Club. "Royal Jelly is another bee food. It contains components that can smooth the wrinkles in aging skin. Royal jelly is high in B vitamins and beneficial fatty acids. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of propolis and royal jelly make them awesome antibiotics. It is so valuable that it is fed exclusively to the queen bee. It is credited with maintaining the queen's larger size and extending her life. Queen bees live four to five years compared to worker bees, who live approximately 40 days." - from Food From Bees to Promote Longevity and Anti-Aging. PDRhealth on royal jelly. [35s]. |
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